Bachelor of Science in Electronics 

Department of Electronics

Quaid-i-Azam University

Islamabad

 


Division of Courses

Compulsory Requirements

Semester – 1

1

EN-101

Functional English I

3

Linguistics

Compulsory

2

PS-101

Pakistan Studies

2

FNS

Compulsory

3

CS-101

Introduction to Computing

3

Computer Sc.

Compulsory

4

MA-101

Calculus and Analytical Geometry I

3

Mathematics

Compulsory

5

PH-101

Introduction to Mechanics and Waves

2

Physics

Faculty Elective

6

PH-191

Introduction to Mechanics and Waves-Laboratory

1

Physics

Faculty Elective

7

EL-101

Engineering Drawing

2

Electronics

Electronics Core

 

 

Total Credits

16

 

 

Semester – 2

1

EN-102

Functional English II

3

Linguistics

Compulsory

2

IS-101 OR

ET-101

Islamiat (For Muslims)
OR
Comparative Religions (For Non-Muslims)

2

FNS

Compulsory

3

MA-102

Calculus and Analytical Geometry II

3

Mathematics

Compulsory

4

PY-101

Introduction to Psychology

3

FSS

Compulsory

5

PH-103

Electricity, Magnetism and Thermal Physics

2

Physics

Faculty Elective

6

PH-193

Electricity, Magnetism and Thermal Physics -Lab

1

Physics

Faculty Elective

7

EL-102

Introduction to Electronics

2

Electronics

Electronics Core

8

EL-192

Introduction to Electronics Laboratory

1

Electronics

Electronics Core

 

 

Total Credits

17

 

 

Semester – 3

1

EN-201

Functional English III

3

Linguistics

Compulsory

2

CS-102

Introduction to Programming

3

Computer Science

Faculty Elective

3

CH-100

General Chemistry

2

Chemistry

Faculty Elective

4

EL-201

Engineering Mathematics-I

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

5

EL-261

Semiconductor Electronics

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

6

EL-221

Digital Logic Design

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

7

EL-291

Digital Logic Design Lab

1

Electronics

Electronics Core

 

 

Total Credits

18

   

Semester – 4

1

MA-205

Differential Equations and Linear Algebra

3

Mathematic

Faculty Elective

2

BY-201

Introduction to Biology

3

Biology

Faculty Elective

3

ES-101

Introduction to Geology

3

FNS

Faculty Elective

4

EL-211

Basic Circuit Theory

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

5

EL-292

Basic Circuit Theory Lab

1

Electronics

Electronics Core

6

EL-281

Signals and Systems

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

7

EL-202

Probability, Statistics and Random Variables

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

   

Total Credits

19

   

Semester – 5

1

EL-313

Control System

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

2

EL-314

Electronics-I

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

3

 EL-303

Engineering Mathematics-II

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

4

EL-306

Communication Theory

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

5

EL-323

Computer Architecture

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

6

EL-396

Communication Theory- Lab

1

Electronics

Electronics Core

7

EL-394

Analog Circuits Lab-I

1

Electronics

Electronics Core

 

 

Total Credits

17

 

 

Semester – 6

1

EL-315

Electronics-II

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

2

EL-325

Microprocessor Based Design

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

3

EC-201

Economics

3

Economics

Faculty Elective

4

EL-371

Electromagnetic Theory

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

5

EL-383

Signal Processing

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

6

EL-395

Analog Circuits Lab II

1

Electronics

Electronics Core

7

EL-397

Microprocessor Based Design Lab

1

Electronics

Electronics Core

 

 

Total Credits

17

 

 

Semester – 7

1

EL-400

Project – I

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

2

EL-441

Electrical Machines

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

3

EL-403

Engineering Project Management

2

EL

IT Core

5

EL-XXX

EL Elective3 – I

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

6

EL-XXX

EL Elective3 – II

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

   

Total Credits

14

   

Semester – 8

1

EL-401

Project – II

3

Electronics

Electronics Core

2

EL-XXX

EL Elective3 – III

3

Electronics

Electronics Elective

3

EL-XXX

EL Elective3 – IV

3

Electronics

Electronics Elective

4

EL-XXX

EL Elective3– V

3

Electronics

Electronics Elective

 

 

Total Credits

12

 

 

Total Credits for 8 semesters

130

 

Compulsory Courses Outline

EL-101

Engineering Drawing

Credits: 2

Prerequisite: None
Course Outline:
Introduction to engineering drawing, Types of lines and usage, Geometrical construction, Orthographic projection in first and third angles, Projection of points,
Projection of lines, Solids of revolution, Section views, Auxiliary views, Dimensioning, Freehand sketching, Graphical presentation of data, Introduction of computer aided drawing tools.

Suggested Books:
1.       Gary R. Bertoline, Eric N. Wiebe, Nathan W. Hartman, William A. Ross, Fundamentals of Graphics Communication (6th Edition), (McGraw Hill Publishing 2011). 
2.       Frederick E. Giesecke, Alva E. Mitchell, Henry C. Spencer, Ivan L. Hill, John Thomas Dygdon, James E. Novak, Robert Loving, Engineering Graphics (8th Edition), (Prentice Hall 2003).

EL-102

Introduction to Electronics

Credits: 2

Prerequisite: None
Course Outline:
Introduction to various topics in electronics and allied disciplines at freshman level with knowledge of only high school physics and mathematics. Various applications of electronic circuits, digital logic, computers, automatic control, analog and digital communication systems, electromagnetic waves and systems, image and signal processing, opto-electronics, nano-electronics The lectures will be followed by laboratory demonstrations.

Suggested Books:

          1.       Alan Pierce and Dennis Karwatka, Introduction to Technology, (McGraw-Hill 2005).
2.       Zimmerman, Introduction to Electronics Devices, (Prentice-Hall 1997).
3.       Earl Gates, Introduction to Electronics, (Delmar Cengage Learning 2011).
4.       D. N. Klyshko, Physical Foundations of Quantum Electronics, (World Scientific, 2011).

EL-192

Introduction to Electronics Lab

Credits: 1

Sr. No

Experiment

1.

Laboratory demonstrations of digital circuits such as logic gates, timers and counters.
Following the demonstration, students will perform simple digital logic experiments using trainer kits. They will perform arithmetic operations by providing different inputs to the hardware and observe final output on different types of output devices. They will also perform simple memory operation, timer and counter experiments using digital trainers.

2.

Laboratory demonstration of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) devices. Demonstrates how same hardware circuit can perform different function by reprogramming. Following the demonstration, student will load different gate-map on the target boards to observe multiple function of the same FPGA hardware. They will learn how same hardware can perform simple to complex function without making changes in hardware.

3.

Demonstration of modulation and demodulation process for analog communication systems such as Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM).

Following the demonstration, students will vary various parameters of analog communication systems such as Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), carrier frequency and bandwidth. They can view the signal bandwidth and quality using spectrum analyzer.

4.

Demonstrations of image processing algorithms such as compression and decompression (MPEG). Tradeoff between image quality and compression using video trainers. Following the demonstration, students will perform the following experiments: Conversion of RGB images to gray scale image and learn the interpretation of intensity values for different gray level areas in images by using image processing toolbox (MATLAB). They will explore the basic digital image filters to view effects of different filtering and image enhancement techniques on digital images. Conduct different arithmetic operations on images and analyze their results. They will also perform basic image transformations, such as translation, rotation and scaling to learn the effect of multiple transformations.

5.

Study the impact of different types of antennas and their geometry on the communication link using antenna trainers. Student can observe the directional gains of antennas and beam-forming by manipulating antenna directions and varying weights of spatial filter. 

6.

Demonstration of a digital communication systems using Software Defined Radios (SDR) and demonstration of a base station using SDR. Following the demonstration, students can configure SDR for different modulation methods and observe signal spectrum on the spectrum analyzer. They can also see eye-diagram and constellation of different modulations. Students will set SNR of the link and measure its effect on throughput. In the demonstration of small SDR based GSM mobile phone network, the students will configure the network. In addition, the students will learn the necessary steps to setup a base station and establish a mobile telephone call.

7.

Demonstration of optical self-imaging using diffraction grating, single and double slit experiments, and Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, Michelson interferometer.

Following the demonstration students will perform the experiment and develop their understanding in wave propagation, interference, near field and far field diffraction of waves. It will help in developing basic understanding in optics, electromagnetism and wave propagation.

EL-201

Engineering Mathematics-I

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:    Calculus and Analytical Geometry II(MA-102)
Course objective:
This course aims learn differential equations, complex variables and transformations. Engineering Mathematics-I builds foundation for core and advances courses.
Course Outlines:
Differential equations: Series solutions of differential equations, special functions, Complex Variables: Functions of complex variables, Complex integration, Complex series, Integration by residues, Fourier series and transforms, Laplace transforms.

Suggested Books:
1.       E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th,(John Wiley 2011).
2.       J.W. Brown and R.V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications, (8th, McGraw-Hill, 2008).
3.       M.R. Spiegel, S. Lipschutz, J. Schiller, D. Spellman, Complex Variables, 2nd, (McGraw-Hill 2009

EL-261

Semiconductor Electronics

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:    Calculus and Analytical Geometry II ( MA-102)
Course objective:
This course focuses on the foundation and principles of quantum electronics and their applications in engineering semiconductor devices. Examples and problems are designed to address the applications of the course contents to real problems in semiconductor devices.
Course Outlines:
Introduction to quantum electronics, nature of electron, atom, semiconductors, electronic energy bands, lattice vibrations, interaction and dynamics of Bloch electrons in fields, scattering and transport theory, diffusion and drift, equilibrium statistics, optical and transport properties, Semiconductor devices, principle of p-n junction, heterojunctions and transistors, semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes, applications of hetrostructures.

Suggested Book:

1.       Streetman, B. G., and Banerjee, S. K., Fundamentals Solid State Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2006. ISBN-978-81 -203-3020-7
2.       Sze, S.  M.  Ng, K. K.,Physics of Semiconductor Devices, (3rd. Edition, Wiley, 2007).
3.       Pierret, R. F., Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, (2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley, 1996).  
4.       D. A. Neamen, Semiconductor Physics And Devices, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2003.
5.       Amnon Tariv, Quantim Electronics, John Wiley 1989
6.       Gennaro Auletta, Mauro Fortunato and Giorgio Parisi, Quantic Mechanics, Cambridge University Press 2009.

EL-221

Digital Logic Design

Credits: 3

Prerequisite: None
Course objective:
To introduce the concepts for the design of digital electronic circuits and systems Digital Logic Design builds foundation for computer architecture, embedded systems and microprocessor based design.
Course Outlines:
Number systems, Boolean algebra, De Morgan’s theorem, Karnaugh map, Quine-McCluskey minimization, logic gates, adders, subtractors, decoders, multiplexers, read only memories (ROM), programmable logic arrays, flip-flops, counters, registers, memory devise, error checking code, logic families, sequential machine,  finite state machines.

Suggested Books:
1.       Morris Mano and Michael D. Ciletti, Digital Design: With an Introduction to the Verilog HDL (5th Edition Pearson, 2012).
2.       John F. Wakerly, Digital Design: Principles and Practices, (Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 4th Edition, 2005)
3.       Brian Holdsworth, Clive Woods, Digital Logic Design, 4th Edition, (Elsevier, 2002).
4.       J. Tocci, Digital systems, Principles and Applications (Prentice-Hall, 1995).
5.       T Floyd, Digital Fundamentals 4th edition (MacMillan publisher 1990)

EL-291

Digital Logic Design Lab

             Credits: 1            

List of experiments

1.       Basic Logic Gates (AND, OR, NOT)

2.       Extended logic gates (Ex-OR, Ex-NOR, NAND, NOR)

3.       Implementation of Boolean functions using logic gates

4.       Adders and subtractors

5.       Flip-flops

6.       Multiplexers

7.       Encoders and decoders

8.       Shift registers

9.       Counters

10.    Arithmetic logic unit

11.    Traffic light controller

12.    Implementation of  Moore and Mealy state machines

13.    Project

EL-211

Basic Circuit Theory

             Credits: 3            

Prerequisite: Engineering Mathematics-I                ( EL-212)
Course objective:
Students learn mathematical representation and analysis of resistor, capacitor and inductor based circuits. Basic circuit theory builds foundation for courses on electronics (Electronics-I and Electronics-II).
Course Outline:
Basic Concepts: Voltage, Current, Power and energy, circuit elements, independent and dependent sources, Kirchhoff's laws, node analysis mesh analysis, linearity, superposition, source transformations, Thevenin's Theorem, Norton's Theorem, two port networks, first and second-order circuits Power Analysis: Instantaneous and average power, power factor and power factor correction, complex power, maximum power transfer theorem.

Suggested Books:
William Hayt, Jack Kemmerly and steven durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis 8th edition (McGraw-Hill, 2011)

Dorf and Svoboda, Introduction to Electric Circuits, 9th edition (John Wiley, 2013)
C.A Desoer and E.S.Kuh, Basic Circuit Theory (McGraw-Hill, 1969) 

EL-292

Basic Circuit Theory Lab

Credits: 1

List of experiments

1.       Measurement of different resistances using color coding
2.       DC voltage and current measurements
3.       Resistor characteristics using Ohm’s law
4.       Series-parallel resistive network
5.       Kirchhoff’s laws
6.       Superposition, Theremin’s theorem
7.       Norton’s theorems
8.       AC voltage characteristics
9.       Characteristics of RC circuits
10.    Characteristics of RLC circuits
11.    Series resonant circuits
12.    Parallel resonant circuits


EL-281

Signals and Systems

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  Engineering Mathematics-I                ( EL-212)
Course objective:
The course introduces the basics concepts of linear signals and systems analysis and their tools in the time and frequency domain. Analytical development is the main emphasis of this course. This course also introduces MATLAB programming for signal representation and analysis.  Signal and systems builds foundation for digital signal processing, communication systems, image processing and control systems.
Course Outline:
Types of Continuous and discrete time signals, Linear time invariant systems, Differential and difference equations, Fourier series, continuous time and discrete time signals, linear time invariant systems, differential and difference equations, Fourier series, continuous time and discrete time Fourier transformation, laplace transformation, time frequency characterization of signals and systems, sampling theorem for analog to digital conversion.

Suggested Books:
1.       Alan V. Oppenheim, S. Willsky and S. Hamid Nawab, Signals and Systems (Prentice Hall 2nd Ed., 1996)
2.       B. P. Lathi, Principle s of Linear Systems and signals (Oxford 2nd Ed., 2010)

EL-202

Probability, Statistics and Random Variables

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:      Calculus and Analytical Geometry I ( MA-101)
Course objective:
This course help students learn concepts of probability and random process required for signal processing, communication systems, image processing and network analysis.
Course Outlines:
Probability, Joint and conditional probability, bayes theorem, random variable, distribution and density functions, the Gaussian random variable, expectation, moments, transformation of a random variable, multiple random variables, expectation, Moments, Transformation of a random variable, multiple random variables, statistical estimation and testing, confidence intervals, introduction to linear regression, Random processes, stationarity and independence, correlation and covariance, power spectral density, colored and white noise.

Suggested Books:
1.       A.L. Garcia, Probability, Statistics, and Random Processes for Electrical Engineering, 3rd, Pearson, 2008.
2.       S. Lipschutz, Theory and problem of probability, 2nd,( McGraw-Hill, 2011).

 

EL-313

Control Systems   

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:      None
Course Outline:
Control elements: Transducers, switches, actuators, valves, motors Control Fundamentals: Open loop and closed loop systems, transfer function, signal flow graph, gain formula 
Modeling: Mathematical modeling of linear electrical and mechanical systems, state variables, state equations and state diagrams. Analysis and design: Stability, controllability and observability of systems, state variables, state transition matrix, transient and steady state response, root locus method, Nyquist criterion, PID controllers, lead lag compensators, pole-zero cancellations.

Suggested Books:
1.       Farid Golnaraghi and B. C. Kuo, Automatic Control Systems, 9th edition, (Wiley 2009).
2.       B. C. Kuo, Digital Control Systems, (Wiley, 2010).
3.       J. J. D’Azzo and C H. Houpis, Linear Control Systems: Analysis and Design, (Prentice-Hall 1985).

 

EL-314

Electronics I

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite: EL-211 (Basic Circuit Theory), EL-201 (Engineering Mathematics I)
Course Outlines:
Diodes: Diode circuit models, special purpose diodes, diode applications
Bipolar junction transistor (BJT): Operations of BJT in different modes, small and large signal models, configuration, analysis and design of BJT amplifiers
Field effect transistors (FET): Structure and operation of MOSFETS, small and large signal models, PMOS transistor, CMOS technology, FET amplifiers
Digital electronics: Operation and design of digital logic gates using discrete elements

 

Suggested Books:
1.       Behzad Razavi, Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 2nd edition, (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2013).
2.       Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronics circuits, 7th edition, (Oxford university press, 2014).
3.       Donald A. Neamen, Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition, (McGraw-Hill, 2009).

 

EL-303

Engineering Mathematics II

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite: EL-201 (Engineering Mathematics I)
Course Description:
Numerical methods: Error analysis, numerical solution of equations, interpolation, numerical integration and differentiation, numerical solution of differential equation, numerical methods in linear algebra
Vector Calculus: Multiple integrals, double integrals, triple integrals, change of variables, line integrals, vector fields, fundamental theorem of line integrals, conservative vector fields, potential functions, Green's theorem, curl, divergence
Surface integrals: Surface integrals, surface integrals of vector fields, Stokes' theorem, divergence theorem.

 

Suggested Books:
1.       E. Kreyszig, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10th edition, (John-Wiley 2011).
2.       George B. Arfken and Hans J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 7th edition, (Academic Press 2013).
3.       M. D Greenberg, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 2nd edition, (Pearson 2004).

 

EL-306

Communication Theory

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite:  EL-281 (Signal and Systems)
Course Outline:
Signal distortion over communication channel, signal power and power spectral density
Amplitude modulation: Baseband and carrier communications, double sideband (DSB), single sideband (SSB), vestigial sideband (VSB), Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), superhetrodyne AM receiver, carrier acquisition
t
elevision angle modulation: Instantaneous frequency, bandwidth of FM/PM, generation of FM/PM, demodulation of FM/PM
Noise: Mathematical representation, signal to noise ratio, noise in AM, FM, and PM systems
Pulse Modulation: Sampling and quantization, pulse amplitude modulation, pulse position and pulse width modulation, quantization noise, signal to quantization noise ratio, pulse code modulation, delta modulation, frequency shift keying, phase shift keying

 

Suggested Books:
1.       B. P. Lathi and Zhi Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 4th edition, (Oxford University press, 2009).
2.       B. Sklar, Digital Communication, 2nd edition, (Prentice-Hall 1988).
3.       S. Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th edition, (John-Wiley, 2000).

 

EL-323

Computer Architecture

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite:  None 
Course Outline:
Computer organization: Design methodology, processor design, control design, memory and I/O design
Basic CPU organization: Instruction set design, design of ALU and other functional units, pipelining and multiprocessing, multiprogramming
Memory organization: Memory technology, read only and read/write memory, virtual memory, memory performance, high performance memories
Bus interface and input/output: Bus design and control, input-output systems, I/O processors, DMA.

 

Suggested Books:
1.      R. J. Baron, Computer Architecture (Addison-Wesley 1992).
2.      
P. Hayes, Computer Architecture and Organization, 2nd edition (McGraw-Hill 1988).
3.      
R Chandra, Modern Computer Architecture (BPB India 1995).

 

EL-396

Communication Theory Lab

Credits: 1

 

List of experiments:
1.       MATLAB® programming
2.       Signal generation
3.       Power spectral density
4.       Basic channel impairment
5.       Amplitude modulation
6.       Angle modulation

 

EL-394

Analog Circuits Lab - I

Credits: 1

 

List of experiments
1.       Basic diode characteristics and biasing
2.       Design of rectifier circuits (half and full wave rectifiers)
3.       DC filters for rectifier circuits
4.       Basics characteristics of Zener diode
5.       Zener diode based regulation
6.       BJT characteristics
7.       BJT amplifiers
8.       AC response of BJT amplifiers
9.       FET characteristics and biasing
10.     FET amplifiers

 

EL-315

Electronics II

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite:  EL-314 (Electronics I)
Course Outline:
Operational amplifier as a black box and its applications, cascade stages and current mirrors, design and analysis of differential amplifiers, high frequency models of BJT and FET, feedback and stability, oscillators, analog filters

 

Suggested Books:
1.       Behzad Razavi, Fundamentals of Microelectronics, 2nd edition, (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2013).
2.       Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith, Microelectronics circuits, 7th edition (Oxford university press 2014).
3.       Donald A. Neamen, Microelectronics: Circuit Analysis and Design, 4th edition, (McGraw-Hill 2009).

 

EL-325

Microprocessor Based Design

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite:  None
Course Outline:
Digital system components: MSI, LSI and VLSI circuits and applications. Microprocessors: 8, 16 and 32-bit microprocessor instruction set, interfacing to memory and I/O devices, timing diagrams, programmable logic devices, digital signal processors and microcontrollers

 

Recommended Books:
1.        J. Fluchen, An Introduction to Micro-computer Systems…Architecture and Interacting (Addison-Wesley 1990).
2.       
A. Mitchel, 32-bitMicroprocessors (McGrraw-Hill 1989).
3.       
I. A. Singh, 16-bit and 32-bit Micro-processor Architecture, Software, and interface Techniques (Prentice-Hall 1991).

 

EL-371

Electromagnetic Theory

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite: EL-303 (Engineering Mathematics II)
Course Outline:
Static electric fields: Fundamental postulates, Gauss’s law, conductors and dielectrics in static electric fields, electric flux density, boundary conditions, electrostatic energy
Solution of electrostatic problems: Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations, method of images, method of separation of variables, method of moments, finite difference method, finite element method, boundary value problems
Steady electric currents: Current density and Ohm’s law, static magnetic fields, electromotive force, equation of continuity, boundary condition for current density
Static magnetic fields: Fundamental postulates, magnetic vector potential, magnetic dipole, magnetization, magnetic field intensity
Time varying fields and Maxwell equations: Faraday’s law, differential and integral forms of Maxwell equations, electromagnetic boundary conditions, wave equations and their solutions, time harmonic fields; Plane electromagnetic waves: Plane waves in lossless and lossy media, incidence at plane conducting and dielectric boundary, multiple dielectric interfaces

 

Suggested Books:
1.       David K. Cheng, Field and wave electromagnetics, 2nd edition, (Addition-Wesley, New York, 2006).
2.       Magdy F. Iskander, Electromagnetic fields and waves, 2nd edition, (Waveland Press, Inc. USA, 2013).
3.       Simon Ramo, John R. Whinnery, Theodore V. Duzer, Fields and waves in communication electronics, 3rd edition, (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1994).
4.       John D. Kraus and Daniel A. Fleisch, Electromagnetics with applications, 5th edition, (Mcgraw-Hill Series in Electrical Engineering, 2010).

 

EL-383

Signal Processing

Credits: 3

 

Prerequisite: EL-281 (Signal and Systems)
Course Outline:
Discrete-time signals and systems, LTI systems, systems characterized by difference equations, frequency domain, sampling of contineous time signals, reconstruction, up-sampling and down-sampling, Z-transforms and properties, applications to LTI systems, transform domain analysis of LTI systems, system function, rational system function, minimum phase and linear phase systems FIR filter design, fourier transform and fast fourier transform.

 

Suggested Books:
1.       A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 3rd edition, (Pearson Higher Education Inc., 2010).
2.       Ingle and Proakis, Digital Signal Processing using Matlab, 2nd edition, (Thomson-Engineering, 2006).
3.       J. G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, 4th edition, (Prentice Hall, 2007).

 

EL-395

Analog Circuits Lab II

Credits: 1

 

List of experiments:
1.       Op-amps, characteristics of Op-amps
2.       Applications of Op-amps.
3.       Data converters (A/D and D/A)
4.       Wave-shaping circuits
5.       555 Timer circuits
6.       PLL

 

EL-397

Microprocessor Based Design Lab

Credits: 1

 

List of experiments:
1.       Assembly language programming and debugging
2.       C and assembly language interface
3.       Observing timing waveform and control signal
4.       Communication with I/O devices in polling and interrupt mode
5.       
Direct memory access (DMA)

EL-400

Project-I

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  None
Course Outline:
The objective of this course is to apply the theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of electronics by carrying out research and development based final year project design. The project consists of hardware/software implementation by going through research and development phases from inception to completion.  The students are expected to clearly define the research and development problem by a presentation in order to proceed to the implementation phase (next semester).

EL-441

Electrical Machines

Credits: 3

Prerequisite: EL-303 (Engineering Mathematics II), EL-281 (Signal and Systems)
Course Outline:
Introduction to electrical machinery principles: Magnetic field and circuits, magnetization curves characteristics of hard and soft magnetic materials, losses
Transformers: Ideal transformer, single phase transformer, operation and equivalent circuit, auto-transformer
DC machinery fundamentals: Basics, loop rotating between pole faces, commutation, windings, armature reaction, induced voltage and torque equation, power flow and losses, types of DC motors, permanent magnet DC motors
AC machinery fundamentals: Rotating magnetic field, magneto motive force and flux distribution, induced voltage and torque, windings, power flow and losses, introduction to induction machines
Special Purpose Motors: Introduction to single phase induction motors, switched reluctance motors, hysteresis motors, stepper, brushless DC motors

Suggested Books:
1.       Stephen J. Chapman, Electric Machinery Fundamentals, 4th edition, (McGraw-Hill 2005).
2.       Fitzgerald, Kingsley and Umans, Electric Machinery, 7th edition,(McGraw-Hill  2013).
3.       D. P. KothariI. J. Nagrath, Electric Machines, 3rd edition (McGraw-Hill 2004).

EL-401

Project-II

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  None
Course Outline:
The objective of this course is to apply the theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of electronics by carrying out research and development based final year project. The project consists of hardware/software implementation by going through research and development phases from inception to completion. The phase two of the project course emphasizes more on implementation/simulation focusing on the solution of the proposed problem.  The completion requirements of the project include a demonstration/presentation and dissertation.

Elective Courses (for 7th and 8th semester)

EL-450

Information and Coding Theory

Credits: 3

Prerequisite: None
Course Outline:
Elements of information theory: Entropy for discrete signals, randomness, self-information, mutual information entropy rate for Markov sources,  bits and codes, compression, maximum entropy, mutual information
Source coding: Huffman coding, Shannon-Fano coding, Shannon's first theorem, channel capacity,  entropy for continuous random variables, channel capacity, Shannon's second theorem, capacity of a band-limited Gaussian channel
Channel coding: Error correcting codes, linear block codes, cyclic codes, convolutional, codes,  Viterbi's decoding algorithm, Hamming space, distance, code applications, Shannon's theory of information, coding theorem, converse, Shannon theory vs. Hamming theory, linear codes, asymptotically good codes, Limpel-Zev algorithm, Golay codes
Algebraic codes: Reed-Solomon, Reed-Muller, Hadamard, decoding of Reed-Solomon codes, Welch-Berlekamp algorithm, list decoding of Reed-Solomon codes, concatenated codes and decoding, maximum likelihood decoding

          Suggested Books:
1.       Monica Borda, Fundamentals in information theory and coding (2011)
2.       Todd K. Moon, Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods and Algorithms 1st edition, 2005.
3.       Shu Lin, Daniel J. Costello Error Control Coding, 2nd edition, 2004
4.       Martin Bossert, Channel Coding for Telecommunications, (Wiley 1999)

EL-451

Communication Systems

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  EL-281 (Signal and Systems)
Course Outline:
Significance of digital communication, overview of signals, spectra, probability and random variables, SNR and , sampling and quantization (uniform and non-uniform), signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR), detection of a binary signal in Gaussian noise, matched filters and correlators, Baye’s decision criterion, maximum likelihood detector, error performance, inter-symbol interference (ISI), raised cosine pulse, eye-patterns, equalization techniques, vector representation of signals, Gram-Schmidt orthogonality principle, performance analysis of M-array signaling techniques
Error correcting codes: block codes, design and analysis of convolutional codes, advanced techniques for digital communication (e.g. DS-CDMA, FH-CDMA, OFDM, MIMO techniques).

Suggested Books:
1.       B. P. Lathi and Zhi Ding, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 4th edition (Oxford University press, 2009).
2.       
B. Sklar, Digital Communication, (Prentice Hall 1988).
3.       
S. Haykin, Communication Systems, 4th edition,  (John Wiley, 2000)

EL-460

Control Systems II

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  EL-313 (Control Systems)  
Course Outline: Control of discrete processes, control of continuous processes, design of control systems PID controllers, lead lag compensators, pole-zero cancellations, introduction to digital control, practical systems, analog and microprocessor based control systems, design examples nonlinear control systems, optimal control theory, self-adaptive control systems,  review of states space modeling, linearization of nonlinear systems, response of linear systems controllability and observability-concepts and tests, balanced realization/model reduction, introduction to robustness and performance tradeoff, state feedback and observer output feedback, innovation feedback and Q-parameterization, linear quadratic regulator (LQR), deterministic Kalman filter and LQG/LTR, trajectory tracking control, input shaping, internal model control and repetitive control , Lyapunov stability concepts, topic on nonlinear control.

Suggested Books:
1.       Ronald S. Burns, Advanced Control Engineering (2001)
2.       Robert Bateson, Introduction to control system technology, (Prentice Hall 2001)
3.       B. C. Kuo, Digital Control Systems (Wiley, 2010).
4.       Slotine and Li, Applied Nonlinear Control, (Prentice Hall, 1991).
5.       Richard C. Dorf, Robert H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems (Prentice Hall, 2010)

 

EL-470

Introduction to Digital Image Processing

Credits: 3

Prerequisite: EL-383 (Signal Processing)
Course Outline:
Image processing basics: Digital image formation and representation, image sensing and acquisition, arithmetic and logic operations, geometric operations, gray level transformations, histogram processing, neighborhood processing, spatial domain filtering, frequency domain filtering, image restoration, introduction to object recognition, feature extraction, content-based image retrieval, image classification and evaluation, remote sensing and interpretation of satellite imagery, medical image understanding technology

Suggested Books:
1.       R. Gonzalez and Richards E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd edition, (Pearson Education Inc Publishing, 2008).
2.       M. Sonka, V. Hlavac and R. Boyle, Image Processing, Analysis and Machine Vision, 2nd edition, (PWS Publishing, 1998).
3.       O.  Marques, Practical Image and Video Processing using MATLAB, 1st edition, (Wiley-IEEE Press, 2011).
4.       Larry S. Davis, Foundations of Image Understanding, (Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science: vol. 628. August, 2001. ISBN: 0-7923-7457-6).
5.       S. Ullman and W. Richards (eds). Image Understanding 1989, (New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Co., 1990).

EL-471

Pattern Recognition

Credits: 3

Prerequisite: None
Course Outline:
Introduction to pattern recognition, feature generation, feature selection, feature vector representations, linear classifiers, clustering, dimensionality reduction, template based recognition,  likelihood ratio test, linear discriminant/perceptron learning, K-nearest neighbor classification, non-parametric techniques and linear discriminant functions, introduction to unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning and multi-instance learning, performance evaluation techniques, training and testing methods.

Suggested Books:
1.       Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, and David G. Stork, Pattern Classification, 2nd edition (Wiley 2000, ISBN: 0-471-05669-3)
2.       Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani & Jerome Friedman, The Elements of Statistical Learning (Springer Verlag, 2001).
3.       Tom Mitchell, Machine Learning, (McGraw Hill, 1997).
4.       A. Webb, Statistical Pattern Recognition, 2nd edition (Wiley, 2002).
5.       D. MacKay, Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
6.       F. van der Heiden, R.P.W. Duin, D. de Ridder, and D.M.J. Tax, Classification, Parameter Estimation, State Estimation: An Engineering Approach Using MatLab (Wiley, New York, 2004).

EL-430

Power Electronics

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  EL-315 (Electronics II)
Course Outline:
Principles of power electronics, converters and applications, circuit components and their effects, control aspects, power electronic devices, power diode, power BJT, power MOSFET, IGBT and SCR, GTO and TRIAC and DIAC, construction, characteristics, operations, losses, ratings, control and protection of thyristors, half-wave and full-wave rectifiers with resistive and inductive loads, un-controlled, semi controlled and fully controlled rectifiers, three-phase rectifiers, uncontrolled, semi controlled and full controlled, six-pulse, twelve-pulse and 24- pulse rectification, PWM converters, DC to AC converters, three-phase inverter, six-pulse, twelve-pulse inverters, PWM inverters, switching mode power supplies, DC to DC conversation, buck converter, boost converter and buckboost converters, isolated converters, forward converters, flyback converters.

Suggested Books:
1.       M. H. Rashid, Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications, 3rd edition (Pearson, 2014).
2.       C. W. Lander, Power Electronics, (McGraw Hill, 1994).
3.       Philip T. Krein, Elements of Power Electronics, (Oxford University Press, 1998).

EL-480

Real-Time Systems

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  None
Course Outline:
Development environments for embedded software, resource aware programming, hardware programming, developing multi-threaded software, inter-process communication with shared memory and message passing, programming using real time operating systems, a real-time operating system using real-time operating systems (e.g. VxWorks), semaphores synchronization and priority inversion synchronization and communication message queues deadlock.

Suggested Books:
1.       J. Catsoulis, Designing Embedded Hardware, 2nd edition, (O’Reilly, 2005).
2.       Michael Barr, Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++, 1st edition, (O’Reilly, 1999).

EL-472

Laser and Fiber Optics

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  None
Course Outline:
Optical fibers and waveguides, ray and wave theory of planar slab and cylindrical waveguides, multimode and single-mode fibers, V-number, fabrication of fiber, attenuation and dispersion in fibers, effects of dispersion on pulse broadening and maximum bit-rate, optical sources,  spectral properties of optical sources, Gaussian beams, optical amplifiers, coupling to fibers, photodetectors, optical receivers, noise, errors, calculation of NEP and D, bandwidth, bit-error-rate, digital optical communication links, coding, analog systems, coherent detection, WDM, DWDM, multiplexers, filters, Bragg gratings, Fabry-perot filters, optical amplifiers, device physics, performance and applications, optical networks, SONET/SDH, nonlinear effects, network topologies, wavelength conversion, switches

Suggested Books:
1.       John Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, 3rd edition, (Prentice Hall, 2009).
2.       Joseph Palais, Fiber Optic Communications, 5th edition, (Prentice Hall, 2004).
3.       Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 3rd edition, (McGraw-Hill, 2000).
4.       L. Kazovsky, S. Benedetto, and A. Willner, Fiber Communication Systems, (Artech House, 1996).
5.       John Gowar, Optical Communication Systems, 2nd edition, (Prentice-Hall, 1993).

EL-440

Transmissions Lines and Antennas

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  None
Course Outline:
Applications of electromagnetic waves, transmission lines, transient waves, lumped model, impedance transformation, Smith chart, uniform plane wave, plane wave at a media interface, waveguides, dielectric waveguides, introduction, types of antennas, radiation pattern, directivity, gain, polarization, impedance, Friis transmission formula, reciprocity, far-field radiation, radiation integral, array of isotropic sources, Hartezian dipole, thin wire antennas, microstrip antenna, modern trends in antennas, antenna measurements, simulation tools

Suggested Books:
1.       Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, 3rd edition, (Oxford University Press, 2001).
2.       E. C. Jordan and K. G. Balmain, Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, 2nd edition, (PHI,  2000).
3.       John D. Ryder, Networks, Lines and Fields, 2nd edition, (PHI, 1999).
4.       W. L. Stutzman and G. A. Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design, 3rd edition, (Wiley, 2012).

EL-452

Wireless Communications

Credits: 3

Prerequisite:  None
Course Outline:
Cellular wireless networks and system principles, antennas and radio propagation, signal encoding and modulation techniques, spread spectrum, UTRA spreading and modulation, coding and error control, multiple access techniques, generations of  wireless systems, UMTS network and radio access technology, CDMA, soft handoff and power control, wireless LANs, IEEE 802.1x

Suggested Books:
1.       Andreas F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, 2nd edition, (Wiley, 2011).
2.       T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, (Prentice Hall, 2002).
3.       Simon Haykin and Michael Moher, Modern Wireless Communications, (Prentice Hall, 2004).
4.      David Tse and Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, (Cambridge University Press, 2005).

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